KARAKTERISTIK IBU HAMIL YANG MENGALAMI KEKURANGAN ENERGI KRONIS (KEK) DI PUSKESMAS NALUMSARI JEPARA

Abstract

ABSTRAK

Berdasarkan laporan World Health Organization (WHO) tahun 2024, prevalensi Kekurangan Energi Kronis (KEK) pada kehamilan secara global mencapai 35–37%, dengan angka tertinggi pada trimester III. Sekitar 40% kematian ibu di negara berkembang berkaitan dengan KEK akibat status gizi yang tidak adekuat. KEK merupakan faktor risiko yang dapat menimbulkan komplikasi pada masa kehamilan, persalinan, dan nifas, seperti bayi berat lahir rendah (BBLR), persalinan prematur, dan anemia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik ibu hamil yang mengalami KEK di Puskesmas Nalumsari Jepara periode Juni–Agustus 2025. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain deskriptif dengan pendekatan retrospektif melalui data sekunder dari Buku Register Poli Gizi. Populasi dan sampel berjumlah 59 responden dengan teknik total sampling. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat menggunakan distribusi frekuensi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebagian besar responden berada pada usia reproduktif (79,7%), primigravida (50,8%), berpendidikan menengah (69,5%), dan bekerja (50,8%). Disimpulkan bahwa karakteristik dominan ibu hamil dengan KEK meliputi usia reproduktif, primigravida, pendidikan menengah, dan status bekerja. Tenaga kesehatan diharapkan mengoptimalkan edukasi gizi guna mencegah dampak lanjutan KEK.

Kata Kunci: Karakteristik, Ibu Hamil, Kekurangan Energi Kronis (KEK).

ABSTRACT

According to the World Health Organization (WHO) 2024 report, the global prevalence of Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) in pregnancy ranges from 35–37%, with the highest incidence occurring in the third trimester. Approximately 40% of maternal deaths in developing countries are associated with CED due to inadequate nutritional status. CED is a significant risk factor contributing to complications during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period, including low birth weight (LBW), preterm delivery, and maternal anemia. This study aimed to identify the characteristics of pregnant women experiencing CED at Nalumsari Community Health Center, Jepara, during June–August 2025. A descriptive research design with a retrospective approach was applied using secondary data obtained from the Nutrition Clinic Register Book. The population and sample consisted of 59 respondents selected through total sampling. Data were analyzed using univariate analysis with frequency distribution tables. The results showed that most respondents were of reproductive age (79.7%), primigravida (50.8%), had secondary education (69.5%), and were employed (50.8%). In conclusion, dominant characteristics of pregnant women with CED include reproductive age, primigravida status, secondary education level, and employment status. Health professionals are encouraged to strengthen nutritional education to prevent adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes.

Keywords: Characteristics, Pregnant Women, Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED)